Part I: Technique

SECTION 1: MODALITIES

4 Color Doppler
Michael R. Kramer, MD, Corinne E. Wessner, MS, MBA, RDMS, RVT, and John Eisenbrey, PhD
8 Power Doppler
Corinne E. Wessner, MS, MBA, RDMS, RVT, John Eisenbrey, PhD, and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
12 Spectral Doppler: General Waveform Concepts
Jingzhi Li, MD, John Eisenbrey, PhD, and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
16 Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: Basic Technique in Liver and Kidney
Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
22 Volumetric Blood Flow
Stephen Z. Pinter, PhD and J. Brian Fowlkes, PhD
26 Microvascular Imaging
Muhammad Aziz, MD and Michelle L. Robbin, MD, MS
SECTION 2: ARTIFACTS
36 Aliasing, Blooming, and Twinkling Artifact
Corinne E. Wessner, MS, MBA, RDMS, RVT, John Eisenbrey, PhD, and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD

Part II: Anatomy

SECTION 1: HEAD AND NECK

42 Neck Overview
K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, and Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR
48 Cervical Carotid Arteries
K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, and Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR
60 Vertebral Arteries
K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, and Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR
66 Neck Veins
K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, and Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR


SECTION 2: CHEST AND ABDOMEN

76 Thoracic Outlet
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR, Elainea Smith, MD, and David Summerlin, MD
86 Ribs and Intercostal Space
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR, Samuel Galgano, MD, and Carli E. Calderone, MD
90 Liver
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
106 Spleen
Ali M. Tahvildari, MD
114 Pancreas
Barton F. Lane, MD
122 Kidneys
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
138 Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava
Daniel C. Oppenheimer, MD and Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
166 Mesenteric Vessels
Eric Turner, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, and Daniel Childers, MD
176 Iliac Arteries and Veins
Daniel C. Oppenheimer, MD and Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
192 Penile
Eric Turner, MD, Paula J. Woodward, MD, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
202 Scrotum
Catherine H. Phillips, MD, FSRU and Carol B. Benson, MD
212 Gynecologic Structures
Elizabeth Asch, MD and Carol B. Benson, MD

SECTION 3: EXTREMITIES

Upper Limb

220 Arm Overview
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR, Samuel Galgano, MD, and Elainea Smith, MD
228 Arm Vessels
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR and Bhawan K. Paunipagar, MBBS, MD, DNB
236 Forearm Overview
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR, Samuel Galgano, MD, and David Summerlin, MD
244 Wrist Overview
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR, David Summerlin, MD, and Elainea Smith, MD
258 Hand Overview
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR, David Summerlin, MD, and Moozhan Nikpanah, MD
270 Wrist and Hand Vessels
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR, David Summerlin, MD, and Samuel Galgano, MD

LOWER LIMB

276 Groin Overview
Alex W. H. Ng, MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM, Elainea Smith, MD, and Samuel Galgano, MD
286 Femoral Vessels and Nerves
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR, Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS, and Daniel C. Oppenheimer, MD
300 Lower Leg Overview
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR, Elainea Smith, MD, and Rachel Bass, MD
312 Lower Leg Vessels
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS
328 Foot Vessels
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR, Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS, and S. Rhodes Brown, MD

Part III: Diagnoses

SECTION 1: HEAD AND NECK

336 Parotid Vascular Lesion
Jennings Clingan, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR
340 Venous Vascular Malformation
Shweta Bhatt, MD, Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR, and K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR
344 Jugular Vein Thrombosis
Jennings Clingan, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR
348 Carotid Artery Dissection in Neck
Tyler Sargent, MD, K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
352 Carotid Stenosis/Occlusion
Jennings Clingan, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
358 Carotid-Jugular Fistula
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS, FACR, FSAR, FAIUM, FSRU and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU
362 Vertebral Stenosis/Occlusion
Manasi Arora, MD and Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
368 Atypical Carotid Waveforms
Shweta Bhatt, MD and Anjuli Cherukuri, MD
372 Arteritis/Takayasu
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS, FACR, FSAR, FAIUM, FSRU and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU
376 IABP and Other Devices
Tyler Sargent, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and Anjuli Cherukuri, MD

SECTION 2: CHEST AND ABDOMEN

Aorta and Vena Cava

382 Aortic/Iliac Aneurysm
Robin Perlmutter-Goldenson, MD, MPH and Mary C. Frates, MD
386 Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Sheila Sheth, MD and Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
390 IVC Obstruction
Constantine M. Burgan, MD, Omid Shafaat, MD, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
394 Aortic Dissection
Leann Kania, MD and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
398 Aortic Stent Endoleak
Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
402 Celiac Artery Stenosis
Manasi Arora, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and Andrey Rupasov, DO
406 SMA Stenosis
Manasi Arora, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and Andrey Rupasov, DO
412 Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome
Leann Kania, MD and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD

Liver

416 Portal Hypertension
Danielle Richman, MD, MS and Mary C. Frates, MD
420 Approach to Hepatic Sonography
Terry S. Desser, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU
424 Portosystemic Collaterals
Robert Petrocelli, MD, Sheila Sheth, MD, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
430 Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
432 Portal Vein Occlusion
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
434 Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
436 Portal Vein Gas
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
438 Hepatic Tumor Thrombus/Tumor-in-Vein
Frank Chen, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU

Spleen

442 Splenic Vascular Disorders
Eric Turner, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, and Ali M. Tahvildari, MD
446 Splenic Artery Aneurysm
Frank Chen, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU
450 Splenic Vein Thrombosis
Frank Chen, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU

Kidney

454 Renal Artery Stenosis
Gayatri Joshi, MD, FAIUM and Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
458 Renal Vein Thrombosis
Wendy Qiu, MD, Maitraya Patel, MD, and Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
462 Renal Infarct
Simin Bahrami, MD and Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
464 Perinephric Hematoma
Simin Bahrami, MD and Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
466 Tumor Vascularity
Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
470 Renal AVF/AVM
Manasi Arora, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and Zachary Nuffer, MD
474 Renal Vein Nutcracker
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS, FACR, FSAR, FAIUM, FSRU and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU
478 High Resistive Index
Manasi Arora, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and Zachary Nuffer, MD

Reproductive

482 Varicocele
Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS and Hernan Bello, MD
486 Testicular Torsion/Infarct
Shweta Bhatt, MD
490 Penile
Eric Turner, MD, Daniel Childers, MD, and Mark E.
Lockhart, MD, MPH
494 Ovarian Torsion
Akshya Gupta, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD
500 Uterine AVM/PSA
Akshya Gupta, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD
504 Uterine Fibroid Embolization
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS, FACR, FSAR, FAIUM, FSRU and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU
508 Pelvic Congestion
Melanie Caserta, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU

SECTION 3: TRANSPLANTS

Kidney

514 Approach to Sonography of Renal Allografts
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
520 Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
524 Transplant Renal Artery Thrombosis
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
526 Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
528 Renal Transplant Arteriovenous Fistula
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
530 Renal Transplant Pseudoaneurysm
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
532 Renal Transplant Rejection
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
534 Delayed Renal Graft Function
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR

Liver

536 Liver Transplant Hepatic Artery Stenosis/Thrombosis
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
538 Liver Transplant Portal Vein Stenosis/Thrombosis
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
539 Liver Transplant Hepatic Venous
Stenosis/Thrombosis
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
540 Liver Transplant Biliary Stricture
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
542 Hepatic Artery Aneurysm/Pseudoaneurysm
Shweta Bhatt, MD and Akshya Gupta, MD

Pancrease

546 Pancreas Transplant: Normal vs. Rejection
Lyndon Luk, MD, Melanie Caserta, MD, and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU

SECTION 4: EXTREMITIES

Arteries

552 Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Frank Hao, MD, Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
556 Peripheral Arterial Pseudoaneurysm
Mark D. Little, MD, Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
560 Peripheral Arteriovenous Fistula
Jena Depetris, MD, Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
564 Peripheral Artery Bypass
Brandon Phillips, MD, Lyndon Luk, MD, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
568 Wrist Modified Allen Test
Corey Sivils, MD, S. Rhodes Brown, MD, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
572 Hemodialysis Stenosis/Occlusion
Jennings Clingan, MD, Shweta Bhatt, MD, and Anjuli Cherukuri, MD
578 Hemodialysis Failure to Mature
Emily T. Gullette, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, and Daniel Childers, MD
582 Hemodialysis Steal
S. Rhodes Brown, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, and Daniel Childers, MD

Veins

584 Deep Vein Thrombosis
Constantine M. Burgan, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, and Omid Shafaat, MD
588 Varicose Veins/Incompetent Perforator
Ahmed M. Khalaf, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, and Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
592 Iliac and IVC Venous Occlusion
Melanie Caserta, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU

Soft Tissues

596 Limb Hemangioma
Sara Durfee, MD and Carol B. Benson, MD
600 Vascular Dilatation or Inflammation
Emily T. Gullette, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, and
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR
608 Vascular Anomaly
Emily T. Gullette, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, and
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR
616 Vascular Tumor/Leiomyosarcoma
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS, FACR, FSAR, FAIUM, FSRU
and Corinne Deurdulian, MD, FSRU

SECTION 5: INTERVENTIONS

622 Thrombin PSA Repair
Sriharsha Gummadi, MD and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
626 Aneurysm Coiling
Sriharsha Gummadi, MD and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD